Websites
Include the name of the website (e.g., Mayo Clinic) when it is different from the author.
In-Text Citation Format:
Werneberg (2017) questions whether communication is needed when...
or
Communication is identified as being the most … (Werneburg, 2017).
Reference List Format:
Werneburg, B. L. (2017, May 02). Improve your relationships with better communication. Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-
depth/improveyour-relationships-with-better-
communication/ar20314073
When the author and website name are the same, omit the website name from the reference list entry (e.g., World Health Organisation, as in this example). For information about how to deal with abbreviations/acronyms (e.g., WHO), see section 1.16.
In-Text Citation Format:
Statistics from the World Health Organisation (WHO) (2021)reveal that the coronavirus has...
or
As the coronavirus spread among the population, the … (World Health Organization[WHO]), 2021).
Reference List Format:
World Health Organization. (2021, January 19). WHO Coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
In the parenthetical citation, the title of the webpage is placed in quotation marks. If the title is too long, shorten it to three or four words, followed by an ellipsis (…).
In the narrative citation, the name of the webpage is in italics. Include month/day details on the reference list entry, if provided.
In-Text Citation Format:
On the webpage, Academic Phrasebank- The Largest Collection of Academic Phrases. (n.d.), students can find a range of resources...
or
There are many resources now freely available to students online … (“Academic Phrasebank – The largest…”, n.d.).
Reference List Format:
Academic phrasebank- The largest collection of academic phrases. (n.d.).
Ref-N-Write. https://www.ref-n-write.com/trial/academic-phrasebank/
In-Text Citation Format:
The Palmerston North City Council (PNCC; n.d.) organizes several citywide events every year.
or
The Festival of Cultures is a popular annual event which… (Palmerston North City Council, n.d.).
Reference List Format:
Palmerston North City Council. (n.d.). News & events.
A retrieval date is used here since there is no publication date and the information is likely to be updated (don’t assume the date given in the title is the published date). Separate the abbreviation and date with a semi colon instead of using two parentheses.
In-Text Citation Format:
As the data from the United Nations (UN; n.d.) show, the population... or The population of … (United Nations, n.d.).
Reference List Format:
United Nations. (n.d.). World population prospects 2019. Retrieved
January 20, 2021 from https://population.un.org/wpp/Maps/
Include the English translation of the title (and any other part if necessary) in square brackets.
In-Text Citation Format:
Takeda (2017) used geographical data to examine how... or Tidal flats in eastern Japan … (Takeda, 2017).
Reference List Format:
Takeda, J. (2017). Hito to higata [People and tidal flats]. The Museum of
Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo.
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