Secondary Sources
Only material you have actually read should appear in your reference list. For example, you read a book by Ardern in which Kirk is quoted and you want to use that information. If you cannot find the original source by Kirk, you need to acknowledge Kirk as the original source, followed by Ardern as the secondary source. Use the phrase ‘as cited in’ to show that one source has been cited in another.
In-Text Citation
Kirk (1980, as cited in Ardern, 2018) found significant differences between women’s voting trends in regional New Zealand in the 1960s.
or
However, results from another study suggested that significant differences … (Kirk, 1980, as cited in Ardern, 2018, p. 156).
In the reference list, only the source you have read (Ardern) is listed (not Kirk). Include the year of publication of the original work (if known) in the in-text citation. You can choose to include the page or paragraph number to indicate to the reader where the information can be found in the text.
Reference List
Ardern, N. (2018). Women and parochial politics. Oxford University Press.
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