In-Text Citation Format
The in-text citation is placed at the end of the sentence if the focus is on the information of the original source.
The full stop for the end of the sentence comes after the citation.
Example:
It was found that reading helps students to improve their writing skills (Smith, 2017).
The in-text citation is included as part of the sentence if the focus is on the author of the original work and the ideas that author puts forward.
Example:
Based on his findings, Smith (2017) concluded that reading helped students to improve their writing skills.
If a sentence contains information paraphrased from several works, you can include each work in a single set of parentheses at the end of the sentence.
The works are arranged alphabetically by author, and a separated by a semi-colon.
Example:
(Conger & Scheiber, 2019; Hawkins, 2019; Romo, 2019).
If groups/organisations have an abbreviation that is well-known, or appears at least three times in your assignment, then use it in the second and subsequent citations.
Note: In the reference list, use the full name of the group/organisation.
Example:
First citation
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2019) outlines factors …
Commas are very under-rated (American Psychological Association [APA], n.d.).
Second and subsequent citations
In addition, the UNDP (2019) published findings in its report…
While APA (n.d.) guidelines state that punctuation is…
You also need to include page/paragraph numbers in your in-text citations for:
Paraphrases and summaries, especially of key ideas (check with your lecturer).
Importantly, students from around the world significantly improved their writing skills (Smith, 2017, pp. 21-23).
Direct quotations.
A direct quotation uses the exact words of the author of the work you are using. Direct quotations should be used only for important ideas that cannot be expressed differently or sayings that are famous, distinctive or beautifully worded
.jpg)